This book brings together insights from over a hundred experts in meteorology and climatology to expand existing knowledge of climate variability across various timescales and weather patterns in South America, Africa, Australasia and Antarctica. It describes the atmospheric circulation in the tropics and southern extratropics and puts into perspective its northern counterpart. The discovery of different types of El Nino-Southern Oscillation, Indian Ocean Dipole and trends in the Southern Annular Mode are a few examples of phenomena discussed. The book also examines the role of the oceans in the climate, highlights the impact of extreme events and observed changes, explores future projections in a warming world, and discusses the current state and challenges of climate modelling. This book will be a key resource for researchers and graduate students in meteorology, atmospheric science and climatology, particularly in the Southern Hemisphere.
